Android 16 inouya neimwe yeaya magadzirirwo ayo ekutanga kuona anoita seadiki, asi kuti muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva anogona kuita mutsauko mukuru: Zvigadziriso zveApp zvinoita kunge zvepakarepo uye zvishoma zvinotsamwisa.Nekuda kwemusanganiswa wekuchinja kwehurongwa uye hutsva hwekuisa maficha eapp, Google inoda kuti foni yako igare yakagadziridzwa pasina iwe unonzwa sekunge chimwe chinhu chinogara kuchitonhora.
Kuseri kwechiitiko ichi chakapfava kune akati wandei ehunyanzvi zvinhu zvinoshanda kumashure: iyo itsva "isina musono application inogadziridza", kutamiswa kwemaitiro senge dexopt uye dex2oat, uye iyo inonzi gore kuvakaZvese izvi zvinouya pamusoro pedzimwe shanduko dzakakosha mu Android 16 idzo dzinobata vanogadzira, kuita, chengetedzo, kuvanzika, hutano hwedhijitari, uye kuenderana nemamwe mafomati skrini. Ngatitarisei zvakajeka uye zvakananga pane chaizvo zviri kuchinja.
Ndezvipi zvisina musono zvigadziriso zveapp mu Android 16?
Pfungwa yepakati ye Android 16 munzvimbo ino yakajeka: kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadziriso zveapp zvine zvishoma zvingaite pakushandiswa kwakajairwa nharembozhaKusvika izvozvi, pese paigadziridzwa app, sisitimu yacho yaifanirwa "kuimisa" kwenguva pfupi ichitsiva kodhi yayo uye zviwanikwa zvemukati, ichidzivirira kuti isashande pamwe chete kudzivirira kukanganisa, kutadza kwedata, kana kuvharika kusingatarisirwe.
Izvozvo Kumira kwekanguva kwakagadzira pfungwa kubva pakuona kwakagadzikana.Asi mukuita, zvinogona kunge zvichinetsa. Mune mahombe kana system-akakosha maapplication, iwo akati wandei-sekondi chando chaive chakakwana kuita kuti mamwe maapplication aitsamira pavari kuita zvisinganzwisisike, kuramba vakamirira, kana kuratidza dzimwe nguva zvikanganiso.
Ne Android 16, Google inotora imwe nhanho uye nehasha inotora pfungwa yekuti isina musono app inogadziridzaChinangwa hachisi chekungoita kuti gadziriso itore nguva shoma, asi zvakare kuderedza nguva iyo app isingashande zvachose kusvika padiki inogoneka, zvekusvika pakusaonekwa nemushandisi.
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwakapihwa neGoogle kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvepamutemo, Iyo nguva iyo app inoramba yakaomeswa nechando panguva yekuvandudza yabva kubva "masekonzi akati wandei" kuenda ku "makumi emamilliseconds"Mukutaura kwekuita, tiri kutaura nezve kusvetuka kubva pakumbomira kwawakanyatsoona kuenda kufiricker iyo, muzviitiko zvakawanda, iwe hautombozviona.
Iyo Android 16 inomhanyisa sei magadzirirwo eapp
Kuti uwane uku kudzikiswa kwehasha mukudzikira, Android 16 haishandisi kune epamusoro manomano. Izvo zvainoita kurongazve anorema kwazvo emukati mabasa uye nekuaunza kumberi kune imwe nhanho isati yaiswa.saka iyo "yakakosha" yakatambanudzwa iyo app inofanira kuiswa nechando inova ipfupi.
Zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha pano ndizvo dexopt uye dex2oatAya maturusi mukati meiyo Android Runtime (ART) nharaunda ine basa rekugadzirisa application bytecode. Sechinyakare, rimwe rebasa ravo raiitwa chaizvo panguva iyo app yakambomiswa, iyo mune dzimwe nguva yakawedzera nguva yechando nemasekonzi akati wandei.
Ne Android 16, Aya maitiro anoenda kune imwe nhanho yekutanga yekuyerera kwekuvandudzaMune mamwe mazwi, iyo sisitimu inoita yakawanda yekugonesa isati yasvika painoda kutsiva ekare mafaera nematsva. Kana kumbomira kwakaoma kunoitika, chasara kuita kukurumidza kushandura faira, kuderedza nguva yechando kusvika kumakumi mashoma emamilliseconds.
Zvakanakira nzira iyi zvakapetwa kaviri: kune rumwe rutivi, Mushandisi anoona iyo yekuvandudza seyakangoita pakarepo. nekuti iyo app haina kumbomira kuwanikwa; kune rumwe rutivi, nhanho imwe chete yekuchengeteka uye kuwirirana mune data inochengetedzwa, sezvo kusimbiswa uye kugadzirisa kunoramba kuchiitwa, chete pane imwe nzvimbo isina kukanganisa mukugadzirisa kwechiitiko chemushandisi.
Mhedzisiro chaiyo kune vashandisi vane akawanda maapplication uye ane mwero nharembozha
Panharembozha ine mashoma mashoma maapplication, shanduko idzi dzinogona kuenda dzisingaonekwe. Kana iwe uchingoshandisa mashoma maapuro anovandudza apo neapo uye nekushandisa mashoma zviwanikwa, unogona kunge usina kumbobvira wanzwa kuti zvigadziriso raive dambudziko.Asi iyo pikicha inochinja zvakanyanya kana tichitaura nezve zvishandiso zvine akawanda emaapuro, mitambo inorema, kana masevhisi anogara achigadziridzwa.
Pamafoni apo akawanda maapplication anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, Kudzikisa kudzika pakati pezvigadziriso zvinoreva kushomeka kupfupika kwechando, kushoma kusinganzwisisike interface kusvetuka, uye yakapfava zvakanyanya chiitiko.Uyezve, kana chero yeaya maapplication achishanda sepakati sevhisi kana kupa APIs kune mamwe maapplication (semuenzaniso, vatengi vekutumira mameseji, maraibhurari ekuchengetedza, kana masisitimu maapplication), kuderedza kutonhora kwavo panguva yekuvandudza kunobatsira iyo yese app cheni kuramba ichishanda zvakajairika.
Iyi budiriro inonyanya kunakidza kune iyo yekupinda-level kana yakaderera yepakati-renji zvishandisouko Hardware inotamburira kubata zvimisikidzo zvakakura. Google haingogadzirizve maitiro emunharaunda, asi zvakare inobatanidza kuvandudzwa uku kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha cheAndroid 16: cloud compilation kuti ikurumidze kugadzwa kwezvirongwa zvitsva, shanduko yemutambo yemafoni asina simba.
Cloud compilation: maapplication anoisa nekukurumidza kutenda kune gore
Pamusoro pekumhanyisa kugadziridza, Android 16 inosanganisira chinhu chakanangana neiyo kutanga kuisirwa maapplication nemitambo, kunyanya pamidziyo ine mweroIchi chimiro chinozivikanwa sekuti cloud compilation uye chinangwa chayo chakajeka: kuendesa imwe yekusimudza inorema iyo yakambodonha zvachose pa processor yefoni uye kuchengetedza kumaseva eGoogle.
Paunoisa app pa Android, sisitimu inoshandisa ART kumhanyisa kodhi yayo. Panguva yekuisa, chishandiso chedex2oat chinotora maAPK's .dex mafaera, ane kodhi yakaunganidzwa, uye inogadzira akati wandei "application artifacts".Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinobatsira kuti purogiramu ivhure uye ishande nokukurumidza uye inobudirira, uye inogona kuuya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: .vdex mafaira ane metadata kuti asimbise bytecode, .odex mafaira ane precompiled code yemaitiro chaiwo, kana .art mafaira ane zviratidzo zvemukati zvetambo uye makirasi anokurumidza kutanga kwepurogiramu.
Pamafoni ane simba zvakanyanya, Kugadzira zvigadzirwa izvi kunokurumidza, kunenge kuri pachenaAsi pamafoni akachipa, ane husimbe processors uye inononoka ndangariro, kuita uku kunogona kuva bhodhoro, kunyanya kana APK inosanganisira akawanda .dex mafaira kana iri mutambo mukuru kwazvo kana app.
Android 16's chikumbiro chiri nyore asi chinoshanda: Panzvimbo pekugadzira zvese izvo zvigadzirwa pachigadzirwa, dhawunirodha zvakatogadzirwa kare kubva kuGoogle PlayNhasi, vashandisi vazhinji vane kukurumidza kukurumidza kwenharembozha uye Wi-Fi yekubatanidza, saka muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinonyanya kushanda kushandisa network pane kumanikidza processor yefoni kuti ishande kwemasekonzi akati wandei kana kunyange maminetsi.
SDM uye precompiled artifacts: basa reSecure Dex Metadata
Iyo Android 16 gore rinovaka rinotsamira pamhando nyowani yefaira: SDM inomirira Secure Dex MetadataAya mafaera eSDM, akadhawunirodha pamwe neiyo APK kubva ku Play Store, ane zvinyorwa zvekushandisa zvakatogadzirwa muGoogle zvivakwa uchishandisa dex2oat, saka chishandiso hachifanire kudzokorora basa iri munharaunda.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti Mafaira eSDM anosainwa nekiyi yakafanana neAPKIzvi zvinobvumira sisitimu kuti ione kuti zvigadzirwa zvinobva kune yakavimbika sosi uye hazvina kuchinjwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro. Nenzira iyi, foni inogona kuisa iyo application yakanangana nekushandisa izvi zvakafanounganidzwa, ichimhanyisa zvakanyanya kuisirwa kwekutanga, kunyanya pane yakaderera-yekupedzisira hardware.
Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti Android 16 inogona kudzivirira dex2oat kubva mukumhanya panguva yekumisikidza muzviitiko zvakawandaNekuti basa rakaoma rakatoitwa pamaseva eGoogle, mhedzisiro yacho ishoma kune processor, yakaderera mashandisiro emagetsi panguva yekuisa, uye nguva pfupi yekumirira paunenge uchidhawunirodha maapuro makuru kana mitambo ine huwandu hwakakosha hwekodhi.
Nekudaro, iyi system yese inoda izvozvo Google yakagadzirisa Play Store kuti igadzire nekuparadzira maSDM aya mukuwanda.Muzvikamu zvekutanga, chimiro chinogona kunge chiripo muhurongwa asi chisiri kunyatsoshanda, chaizvo nekuti gore rekuvaka zvivakwa zvinoda kugadziriswa uye kutenderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Usatarisira zvishamiso zvinokurumidza pamidziyo yese inoenderana; kugamuchirwa kuchava kufambira mberi.
Hukama pakati pekukurumidza kugadzirisa uye kuvaka kwegore
Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sezvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana, Seamless zvigadziriso uye chivakwa chegore zvine hukama Nekuti ese ari maviri anotenderera kuti sei uye riini madhizaini ekushandisa anogadzirwa uye anoshandiswa. Kune rimwe divi, Android 16 inounza kumberi kuurayiwa kwedexopt uye dex2oat kune zvisinganyanyi kukoshesa zvikamu zvekugadzirisa maitiro, kuderedza nguva iyo app inoramba yakaoma nechando.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Cloud compilation zvinoreva kuti muzviitiko zvakawanda, basa iri haritombo fanirwa kuitwa pachishandiso.Izvi zvinoshanda zvese panguva yekutanga kuisirwa uye mune zvimwe zvigadziriso. Nekudhawunirodha zvakagadzirira-kushandisa-zvigadzirwa, kusanganiswa kwemaitiro ese ari maviri anoita ese ekutanga kuisirwa uye anotevera anogadziridza nekukurumidza uye kushomeka.
Zvese izvi zvinoenderana nechinangwa chakakosha: Optimize Android kuti ishande zvakanaka kunyangwe pane zvine mwero Hardwareapo uchideredza nguva yekudzikira uye kuderedza mhedzisiro iyo inogadziridza inogona kuve pane mamwe maapplication nemasevhisi.
Dzimwe shanduko mu Android 16 dzinokanganisa mashandiro uye ruzivo
Kuvandudzwa kwezvigadziriso uye kuiswa hakuuye kwega. Android 16 inosanganisira runyorwa rurefu rwemaitiro anochinja izvo Iwo anobata ese ari maviri maapplication anonangana neshanduro itsva (targetSdkVersion 36) uye sisitimu yekushandisa pachayo.Mazhinji acho haana hukama zvakananga nekuvandudzwa kweapp, asi anopesvedzera kugadzikana, kuita, kana kuenderana kwechiitiko.
Munzvimbo yeruzivo rwemushandisi uye dhizaini, Android 16 inosanganisa kuzvipira kune kumucheto-kune-kumucheto interfaces nekubvisa sarudzo yaibvumira kudzima modhi iyi uchishandisa `windowOptOutEdgeToEdgeEnforcement` hunhu mumaapp anonangana neiyo API level. Kana app yakananga Android 16 uye ichimhanya pamudziyo une vhezheni iyi, haichakwanisa kudzima maitiro aya, saka vanogadzira vanofanirwa kuchinjisa madhizaini avo kuti ashande nemazvo muchiratidziro chizere.
Panewo shanduko huru mukufamba: Predictive back gestures yave kuita tsika yemaapps akananga Android 16Pamidziyo ine iyi vhezheni, `onBackPressed` haichabatiki, kana kiyi KEYCODE_BACK haitumirwe sepakutanga; system animations ikozvino inotungamira mushandisi kunzvimbo yaunoda kana uchitsvaira uchidzokera (kumba, chiitiko chekare, nezvimwewo). Vagadziri vakabata bhatani rekumashure vanofanira kutamira kune itsva navigation APIs kana, sechishandiso chechinguvana, kudzima maitiro ne `android:enableOnBackInvokedCallback=false` hunhu mumanifest.
Makiyi ehunyanzvi shanduko kune vanogadzira
Kupfuura ruzivo rwekuona, Android 16 inounza zvigadziriso kune yemukati kushanda kweakarongwa mabasa, mafonti, uye anopindura marongero.Semuyenzaniso, iyo `scheduleAtFixedRate` nzira inoshandura maitiro ayo: pachinzvimbo chekuita zvese zvakapotsa kuuraya kana app yadzokera kuhupenyu hunoshanda, imwe chete ndiyo inotangwa. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira spikes kamwe kamwe mukuremerwa kwebasa uye inovandudza kuita kwese, kunyangwe vanogadzira vachifanira kutarisa kana pfungwa dzavo dzakanganiswa.
Nezve mavara nemafonti, Iyo inoyevedzaTextHeight hunhu haisisina kana mhedzisiro pamaapplication akananga Android 16Iwo anonzi "akanakisa mafonti" ari kumiswa, saka zvinodikanwa kuronga dhizaini inowirirana dhizaini yemitauro yakaita seArabic, Thai, Tamil kana akasiyana alphabets echiIndia pasina zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa uku.
Pamidziyo ine mahombe skrini (mahwendefa, zvinopengeka, matafura, mota, maTV…), Android 16 inowedzera kusimbisa iyo pfungwa yeadhizaini madhizainiPamasikirini ane hupamhi hushoma hwe600 dp, kutarisika, kudzoreredza, uye chiyero chechiyero chakaziviswa mumanifest chinofuratirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti app ichawedzera kuzadza hwindo rese, pasina pillarboxing kana kumanikidzwa mufananidzo kana kutaridzika kwenzvimbo. Mitambo chete, zvimwe zvakagadziriswa nemushandisi, uye zvidzitiro zvidiki hazvibvumidzwe pamutemo uyu.
Pane nzira yekutiza yechinguvana: Iyo android.window.PROPERTY_COMPAT_ALLOW_RESTRICTED_RESIZABILITY nzvimbo inogona kuziviswa pachiitiko kana kuti application level. kuchengetedza maitiro ekare pamasikirini makuru. Asi chimiro ichi chichanyangarika mune ramangwana shanduro (API level 37), saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti utange kugadzirisa mainterface izvozvi.
Nhau mune hutano, kubatana uye chengetedzo
Android 16 zvakare inosimbisa kutonga pamusoro data yehutano uye yemuviriMvumo yeBODY_SENSORS neBODY_SENSORS_BACKGROUND inotsiviwa nemvumo dzakanyanya pasi pe android.permissions.health space, inofambirana neHealth Connect. Maapuro anoverenga data rinonzwisa tsitsi seyekurova kwemoyo anofanirwa kukumbira mvumo isingaverengeke se READ_HEART_RATE uye kuva nechiito chinooneka kuratidza bumbiro razvo rekuvanzika, kana kuisa njodzi yekutorerwa mvumo idzodzo nesystem.
Mundima yeBluetooth, Zvitsva zvevavariro zvinosumwa, zvakaita seACTION_KEY_MISSING uye ACTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGEKuti ubate zvirinani kurasikirwa uye kuchinjika kwekunyorera, maapplication anobata paired zvishandiso anogona kuita chaizvo kana makiyi arasika, chinongedzo chinodzokororwa, kana kuchengetedza paramita shanduko, kuchinjira kune mutsauko unokwanisa pakati pevagadziri.
Uyewo, Ese maapplication anonangana ne Android 16 ikozvino anogona kubvisa Bluetooth pairing kubva kune yakabatana midziyo kuburikidza neruzhinji API muCompanionDeviceManager.Iyo yekufona bvisaBond(int) inokutendera kuti udzore iyo Bluetooth pairing yakabatana neCDM mubatanidzwa, uye iyo app inogona kuterera ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED kuti itarise shanduko mumamiriro ekuroorana.
Panyaya yekuchengeteka, Android 16 inoramba ichiomesa sisitimu. MediaStore#getVersion() ikozvino inodzosera yakasarudzika kukosha paappIzvi zvinodzivirira kushandiswa kwetambo iyo sechigunwe chekudhindisa minwe pakati pezvishandiso. Chirongwa che "Secure Intents" chiri kufambira mberi zvakare, chine chinangwa chekusimbisa hurongwa hwekugadzirisa chinangwa: kana chaitwa kuburikidza neiyo intentMatchingFlags hunhu, zviri pachena zvinotarisirwa kuti zvienderane nesefa yechikamu chinotarirwa, uye zvinangwa zvisina chiito zvinodzivirirwa kubva pakufananidza mafirita kunze kwekunge mireza chaiyo senge allowNullAction ichishandiswa.
Uku kuomarara kutonga kunogona kugoneswa pachishandiswa kana chikamu chikamu (chiitiko, sevhisi, inogamuchira…), ine mireza yakadai se. enforceIntentFilter kana hapanaInosanganisirawo mameseji egirodhi ekugadzirisa zvakavharwa zvinangwa. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kune modhi uko, mune ramangwana shanduro, iyi sarudzo yakasimba ichave yakasarudzika maitiro.
Kuwedzera dziviriro: Mali GPU, network yemuno, uye mafoto
Imwe nzvimbo iyo Android 16 inosimbisa kuchengetedzeka irimo kuwana iyo Mali GPU paPixel zvishandisoMaIOCTL echikuru kana ayo anongoitirwa kusimudzira akavharirwa, uye maIOCTL ekudhirowa anongotenderwa kumaitiro egomba kana maapplication anogona kugadziriswa. Izvi hazvifanire kukanganisa maapplication, akajairwa mapikicha APIs seVulkan kana OpenGL, kana zviri pamutemo profiling maturusi, asi zvinodzikamisa zvinogona kernel-level kurwisa mavector. Kana app ichiedza kushandisa maIOCTL anorambidzwa, sisitimu inogadzira kurambwa kweSELinux, uye Google inokurudzira kutaurira nyaya yacho kune nzira dzekuchengetedza dzakakodzera.
Munzvimbo yekuvanzika, Android 16 inotora nhanho yakakosha kumberi neiyo Local Network DziviriroParizvino, chero app ine mvumo yekuwana internet inokwanisa kuwana zvishandiso paLAN, kuvhura musuwo kune zvigunwe zvekutsikisa zvigunwe kana kushandisa network yemuno semumiriri wenzvimbo. Iyo nzira nyowani inoisa iyo inosvika kuseri kweiyo nguva yekumhanyisa mvumo mukati meboka remidziyo iri pedyo.
Kuburitswa kunoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma, nechikamu chekugonesa (Q2 25) mairi Zvishandiso zvinogona kumisa zvirambidzo kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuenderana uye kuyedza makesi ekushandisa kwavoKana iyo RESTRICT_LOCAL_NETWORK mureza wagadzirirwa pakiti, traffic kuenda nekubva kunetiweki kero (unicast, multicast, kana kutepfenyura pamusoro peTCP neUDP) ichaita zvikanganiso kana iyo app isina mvumo, nepo internet traffic yakajairika ichiramba ichishanda.
Muchikamu chekutanga ichi, Kuti uwanezve mukana weLAN, iyo app inongoda kuzivisa uye kuwana iyo NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES mvumo.Nekudaro, mvumo chaiyo ichaunzwa mukati meboka remidziyo iri pedyo mune ramangwana. Networks dzakadai 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12, local links 169.254.0.0/16, CGNAT ranges 100.64.0.0/10, uye multicast kero./224.0.0.0: 4 pakati pevamwe, 00: 8 zvinoonekwa se "nzvimbo."
Pakupedzisira, Android 16 inogadzirisa manejimendi ekuwana mafoto nemavhidhiyo. Kana app yakananga SDK 36 ichikumbira mvumo yemukati medhiya pane mudziyo unoshandisa Android 16 Kana mushandisi akasarudza kupa mukana chete kuzvinhu zvakasarudzwa, iwo mafoto nemavhidhiyo anogadzirwa neiyo app anozoonekwa akasarudzwa kare mune yekusarudza mafoto. Mushandisi anogona kuzvisarudza kana achida, izvo zvinodzora mukana weapp kune izvo chaizvo zvinhu.
Shanduko dzese idzi-pedyo-pakarepo zvigadziriso, kuunganidzwa kwegore, mvumo nyowani, hukuru hukuru pamusoro pezvinangwa, yakagadziridzwa GPU nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yetiweki, nekuvandudzwa kwehutano, kubatana, uye dhizaini inogadzirisa-inongedza kuchinangwa chimwe chete: kuita kuti Android 16 ive yakapfava, inofanotaurwa, uye yakachengeteka chikuva kune vese vashandisi nevagadziri.
Semamwe mamodheru e mhando dzakadai SamsungSezvo Xiaomi, Motorola, OnePlus uye, hongu, mafoni ePixel anogamuchira iyi vhezheni, zvichawedzera kuwanda pakuisa kana kugadzirisa app kuti umire kuva "minwe yakayambuka" nguva uye ive nzira iri nyore yausinganyatso cherechedza iwe uchiramba uchishandisa foni yako zvakajairika. Govera ruzivo urwu kuitira kuti vamwe vashandisi vagare vachiziva nezvezvinhu zvitsva zve Android 16.